Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 125

Assignment Example Therefore, the participation of these different groups makes procurement a cross-disciplinary process. Public beheading means killing a supplier in public when they do not meet the supply requirements. Such an action invokes efficiency in supply, given that non-performance leads to death. Consequently, most suppliers at this time ensured that they fulfilled the requirement of the king by all means, which promoted operations in the kingdom. However, the lack of power in the hands of the suppliers led to their oppression, given that the market at times faces uncertainties that could affect supply. Following the establishment of the law of contract, an organization can choose to sue a supplier who does not abide by the contract terms of delivery. In other cases, an organization can work with multiple suppliers, to, maintain continuity of operations when one supplier fails. I believe in the power of negotiations. Interacting with suppliers can enhance this skill as relations can be built between the organization and the suppliers. Consequently, an organization can bargain for better prices, thus leading to low cost of purchasing. The low cost translates into low product prices, thus increasing the competitive edge of the organization. Alternatively, the organization can negotiate for suitable credit terms that allow it to operate normally in cases of reduced cash flow. Technical skills also play a major role in procurement. They ensure the purchase of technologically viable products. This leads to the proper integration of technology with the existing business structures, thus promoting the ability of the organization to develop innovative strategies that lead to success. Computer proficiency continues to rank as one of the most important skills in an organization. The use of computers leads to the standardization of various processes in the organization, thus enhancing uniformity. Computer applications also make work easier, and allow the organization to

Teleconferencing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teleconferencing - Research Paper Example Same way, lack of communication results in failure of the organization to know more about the employee needs. Internal organizational communication can occur both in the verbal and nonverbal forms. Some people have the misconception that the internal organizational communication occurs through paper works alone. In fact paper works is only one among the so many internal communication methods available. This paper analyses teleconferencing as an internal organizational communication method. Teleconferencing is the process of telephonic communication between more than two parties. Private Branch Exchange (PBX) systems available in organizations help the employees of an organization to communicate properly through teleconferencing method. Every telephone is wired to the PBX system so that all the people who attend the different telephone lines can talk each other. While normal teleconferencing methods provide only the audio exchanges, video teleconferencing methods can exchange video also. In other words, video teleconferencing enables an organization to communicate each other face to face. The figure given below illustrates a typical teleconferencing system in an organization. There are basically three kinds of teleconferencing device: one that allows audio conferencing and verbal communication, which is carried out using the telephone, one that allows video conferencing, and one that allows computer and printed conferencing via computer terminals (Furnem). Modern technologies allowing fast streaming of audio and video media and hence the quality of teleconferencing has improved a lot. It is possible to communicate instantly without any interruption using videoconferencing or audio conferencing methods now. Teleconferencings advantages are that the technology is familiar to anyone who uses a phone, its easy to set up, and it offers good audio interactivity for small groups (Teleconferencing). Teleconferencing

Concepts of Cultural Artefacts

Concepts of Cultural Artefacts This paper discusses about cultural artefacts and the concepts of the cultural artefacts. It also provides the artefacts of the cultural in order to represent the cultural events, economics and the entertainments. This paper analyses the details of the artifact that related to the values and the beliefs of the culture and it also investigates the deep cultural roots of the artefacts. It analyses the historical roots that are allowed to the artefacts of the culture. This paper examines the influences of the artefacts to the development of the cultural period. It also concludes with this concept by providing the better evolution that might undergo to the cultural artefacts. Cultural artefacts The artifact is the one that made by the human being and typically it is an item of historical interest. The cultural artifact is made by observing something in a scientific way of investigation and that is naturally presented. The artifact is the element in which the historical events, situations, entertainment, heritage can be identified by the human being. The artefacts include the function, architecture the designs and so on for the identification of the cultural influences. It is the historical tools that can deliver the environment of the earlier cultural people. The cultural artefacts have the deep roots in the case of representing the philosophy, religion, and economics of the earlier culture. In the case of African culture, the music was the main artifact on their culture and the impact of the music on the African culture positively. Their society and the regions are contributing the musical traditions. The music was the better influence on the African culture and they impact their heritage, entertainment and the social perspectives of the African culture. In earlier, many languages were spoken by African and those languages led the connection among the music in their local cultures. The African music influenced the language, the environment, politics, a variety of cultures, and the population movement of the Africans. African culture had characterised by the cultures, traditions, beliefs, religions and the artistic expressions. African people had integrated music in their daily actions and the music was the inspiration part of their lives. The forms of the music influenced their traditions, beliefs and religious and the artistic expression and the values. The forms of the music also contributed in the case of love appreciation among the African people and their music involved in the case of community participation. In African culture, the musical practises have influenced the social, economic, and the political structures and they impact the African people positively. The musical traditions of Africa were dynamic, and the music practises had modified the African culture throughout the creative and the traditions were articulated inter-generationally. The musical traditions of Africa had impacted by various factors that are trade, colonialism, religious expansion, and the migration. The African music traditions were popular and they got the positive feedback from other countries by their performance in the case of composing music. The African music became very famous in the case of expressing their opinions, contentions, share philosophy and display the critiques. The African musical traditions were utilized for the communication, synchronization, adversity and so on. The music was composed not only for entertainment and but for delivering the philosophical messages and the concepts of the African culture. African students were engaged to discussing the variety of artists for the evaluation of the musical direction and so on. African musical practises were provided with emotion, power, rhythm that are through the field hollerers, work songs and the blues. African music had set the standards and they became the source of the perfect music styles in their culture. The African musical traditions were very popular when compared to other cultures and hence they have the capability to cover the audience. Musical traditions were the functional in Africanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ethnic life and that were accompanying birth, marriage, hunting and political activities. The music traditions were involved in the case of politics, economic and the social perspectives of the African culture. African people were traditionally ensures the passage of the cultural practises from one generation to another. The historical accounts of the African music and the dance can be found from the oral literature of the African culture. The aesthetic and the utilitarian were the functions and they were served by the African musical traditions. The functions involved in everyday activities of the African people such as child rearing practises, national ceremonies, initiation rules and the agricultural activities. They were considered as the historical roots of the African musical traditions. The musical practises of the African were played a vital role in the case of religious influence. The number of musical songs was provided for the Christian services and hence the musical practises encourage the Christianity in African culture. On the other hand the Islamic and the Arabic people were also composing the musical concepts for their culture and the religion. In the case of political activities, the African musical practises were utilised for addressing the activities in the African culture. The African political department recognized the musical practises to enhance the entertainment of the African people and to enhance the society of the Africa in the case of music. The one of the music historical root was politics for the musical artefacts in Africa. The social, political and the economical factors were the historical roots of the African musical practises. The political ways of approach was the responsible for the musical development in Africa and they allowed the music to enhance in future. In traditional cultural period, the African music was motivated for the enhancement and the musical cultural period was from 1889-1990. During that time the music composers were developed and now also they are providing the better contribution in the case of developing the musical artefacts. The major development has occurred in the case of musical artefacts between 1889 and 1990. The anticipation will be effective in the musical practises to the African future generation. The musical technologies will be developed more in future culture of Africa and the people will be excellent in the case of composing musical and the dance artefacts. They will be the best music composers in the world when compared to other cultures. This musical artifact will be passed to the future generation of the Africa as perfect and they will be also motivated the musical composers and this artifact will get the higher value among the future generations. This entertainment will provide the better outcome to African culture and to the future generations. In future, the evolution of the musical artifact will be rhythm, melody and the harmony and they can provide the better musical experience to the musical artefacts. The evolution of the music will be effective for the future generations and the music artefacts will be delivered with the various technologies in African culture. African culture was the sources of the musical artefacts and they could only provide the various types of musical methods. The African culture will be modified by the utilization of the western music artefacts and this will be future evolution. Conclusion African cultural artefacts and the importance of their artefacts were discussed. The relationship of the musical artefacts with the beliefs and the African cultural perspectives were described. The historical roots of the African culture were detailed and the cultural periods of African artefacts were examined. The future evolution and the anticipation of the musical artifact was concluded.

Society’s Neglect of the Homeless Essay example -- Argumentative Persu

Society’s Neglect of the Homeless There is a serious problem with the way homeless people are treated. They are not treated as any normal human being is treated. The homeless have been dubbed the outcasts of society and receive practically no assistance from the government. Where is the consideration for these people? Are homeless people considered less than human? Why is it so hard to give a helping hand to somebody who is in need? Is society becoming too self-absorbed or are homeless people just transient to the rest of society? Society does not want to be bothered with the problems of inhumane people living on the streets, when there are enough problems within it. There should be no reason for people to worry about the problems of others. The government is mainly responsible for the welfare of all the people living in its area. In society homeless people are on the bottom of a prioritized list. That is why homeless people are categorized as mentally ill. Nobody wants to deal with the problem, so they make an excuse of a homeless person being on the street because of ment...

Memory Techniques Essay

1. Organize – List facts in alphabetical or chronological order. Get a general idea of the textbook material, note the simple to complex and general to specific. Logical facts are easier to remember. 2. Make It Meaningful – Look for connections in what you are studying. For example, packing a parachute by itself can be boring, however, the excitement of jumping out of a plane gives a whole new meaning to this process. Focusing on the â€Å"Big Picture† helps provide meaning to the learning process and stimulates us to remember. 3. Create Associations – Associate something new with something you already know. This creates a building process in your memory bank. If you already know a Bill Smith think of the Bill you know and associate him with the new Bill Smith. 4. Learn It Actively – People remember 90 percent of what they do, 75 percent of what they see and 20 percent of what they hear. This saying is very accurate, as action is a proven memory enhancer. Move your hands, pace back and forth and use gestures as you recite a passage. If your body is actively involved it will help you to remember. 5. Relax – Eating proper foods, avoiding caffeine before an exam and getting proper exercise will help you relax and feel more confident. Relaxing will enhance your ability to recall facts faster, with more clarity, and you will feel better overall. 6. Create Pictures – Draw diagrams, make up cartoons. Use them to connect facts and illustrate relationships. When abstract concepts can be â€Å"seen† they are much easier to remember. You can be as creative as you want, as long as you understand your scribble. 7. Recite and Repeat – When you repeat something out loud you anchor the concept better by using two or more of your senses. Repetition is the â€Å"Mother† of learning. If you use more than one sense you create a â€Å"synergistic† effect which is powerful memory technique. If you recite out loud in your own words, memory is enhanced even more! 8. Write It Down – Writing notes to ourselves help us to remember. If we write down an idea or a passage several times, in different areas, we increase our chances to remember. 9. Reduce Interference – Find an area free from distractions. Studies show that most students study more effectively in a quiet area in 1 hour than in a noisy area in 2 hours. 10. Over-learn – When you think you got it don’t quit. Don’t miss a chance to review just one more time. Ever hear the expression â€Å"I beat that subject to death!† Do It! 11. Review Notes the Same Day – Studies prove that in order for us to store information â€Å"long term† it must be reviewed within 24 hrs. or less. By getting in the habit of same day review, we increase the chances of remembering by over 70 percent! 12. Use Daylight – This method is particularly effective for weekend study and review. Study the most difficult subjects during daylight hours. For many students the early morning hours can be especially productive and will stimulate the memory process. 13. Distribute Learning – Research suggest marathon study sessions (3 hrs. or more) are not as effective as light study sessions (1-2 hrs.) which are distributed at different times during the week. Take frequent breaks. Some students can study 50 minutes or more, others need to stop after 30 minutes. Try to distribute your length of study in the same rhythm as your classes (50/10/50). Give yourself rewards, you’ve earned it! 14. Keep a Positive Attitude – Studies prove that if you repeat to yourself negative feelings about a subject you increase your chances to fail! Since we all want to succeed, â€Å"Trash negative† and replace with â€Å"Positive Thoughts.† For example, replace â€Å"I can’t do it† with â€Å"It’s not easy, but I am tough and I accept this challenge.† Prove you can and you will! This is a self-fulfilling prophecy as attitude directly effects the memory! 15. Go On an â€Å"Information Diet† – Just as we avoid certain foods, we can choose what not to retain. Extract core concepts, study what you will be tested on, abbreviate large passages of information into easy to digest phrases, this will help you remember. 16. Combine Memory Techniques – All of the memory techniques work better when combined. You can over learn a formula, sing about a famous person, think positive thoughts about subjects, use sight, sound, and ot her methods to sharpen your memory. 17. Remember Something Else – When you are stuck and can’t remember, think of something related to the information. For example if you cannot remember a name, think about what the person did, what period they lived or who they associated with. Write down what you do know and soon it will trigger facts that you are trying to recall. This technique really works! 18. Note When You Don’t Remember – If you tried some memory techniques that do not seem to work, it’s all-right. Try an experiment with other techniques and use what is best for you and not what works for a classmate. Be a reporter, get the facts, find out what works and what doesn’t. Congratulate and reward yourself when you do remember. 19. Use It Before You Loose It – Information stored in the long-term memory may become difficult to recall if you don’t use it. Simply read it, write it, speak about it and/or apply it. This is especially effective when you have to recall formulas or facts from a previous course. The 101 course information may be used in a 102 course. Therefore, retain your notes, the old text, and keep the information fresh with a review. 20. Affirmation of Your Good Memory Helps You to Remember – When you are sharp and recall all the facts, accept compliments! When you do not recall the facts, think that you know it, you can remember, and the facts will come to you. You may have to use various techniques to help you remember but never give up! You truly â€Å"never forget.† Those facts will eventually â€Å"come to you.† Keep studying, try again and they will!

Controlling Chaos

Eric Santana Controlling Chaos There is a common understanding that growth in any aspect of the economy is a grand concept. However, when growth begins to start spreading out in such a manner that it becomes uncontrollable, there is an inherent issue. Such is the case in David Carle’s essay â€Å"Sprawling Gridlock†. Carle mentions several pervading issues and problems with the rapid growth and spread of Southern California, and outlines measures taken against the expansion.Carle’s resolve and purpose of this essay is to describe and illustrate the issue of the uncontrolled spread of urbanization, and the relation of this rapid growth to the quality of life of its inhabitants. Carle outlines rapid, spread out growth for problems such as traffic congestion, land developers putting pressure on land owners, and the accountability of citizens, businesses, and developers in financing the repairs to this damaged infrastructure.According to Carle, the traffic congestion that was consuming Southern California through the 1990’s was becoming a nightmare that threatened the livelihood of all of its participants. â€Å"Road Rage† was born and was the result of creeping, gridlocked freeways that frustrated commuters spent hours in getting from point A to point B. The spread, development, construction, and growth of urbanized communities along these freeways compounded and multiplied the severity of these congested motorways. This was costing two billion dollars in wasted time and petrol.The correlation between these motorways and the urbanized spread began in the early 1900’s. Back then, the Pacific Electric trolley cars carried more than one hundred million passengers over around one thousand miles of track. The independence an automobile represented appealed to citizens and soon changed the way they commute from â€Å"mass-transit† to â€Å"rapid-transit†. This change begun with the construction of the Arroyo Seco P arkway in 1940 (the first motorway opened in California and connected Downtown Los Angeles with Pasadena).Through 1996, California became paved with over one hundred seventy thousand miles worth of roads. However, the rapid growth and urbanized spread of Southern California did not construct fast enough to keep up with the growing mass of commuters. Solutions such as freeway widening created construction that worsened gridlock initially, created improved congestion once completed, and created a new gridlock after a couple years of growth catching up to transit. This inefficiency and spread gridlock of the Southern California motorways had an unprecedented effect on the quality of life of its citizens.Not only were the half-million hours they spent every day in their commutes having a fiscal effect, but a psychological effect as well. Not only was this evident in the increased number (and methods) of road rage incidents, but also in the manner that the time spent in traffic denied th em their personal independence. The countless hours citizens spent sitting or crawling in traffic made them feel trapped as though they were entirely limited of all ability to control their journey; the very concept that attracted Southern Californians away from timetabled mass-transit, to the complete freedom of the automobile.This growth and spread of urbanized Southern California did not only effect the commutes of their citizens, but it also effected the development pressures of their land. One of the largest population growths of Los Angeles occurred between 1970 to 1990. The forty-five percent increase in population correlated into a three hundred percent increase in developed land area. This increase of population, innovations of the motor ways, the State Water Project, and air conditioning gave birth to fastest growing cities in California (the cities on the outskirts of the Greater Los Angeles area).The spike in the population of these cities created increased pressures on land owners by land developers. The uncontrolled growth and spread of urbanization lead to estates and lands being bought out and developed. The psychological pressures and aesthetic discrepancies these land developers were created had a profound effect on the quality of life of citizens. The example Carle uses to describe the detriment on the quality of life of citizens by developers is the Warne family. The Warne family had owned orange groves on their (undeveloped) land since the 1960’s.After the passing of Henry and Ellen Warne, land developers began placing severe pressures on the descendants of the family. Land developers were already constructing â€Å"planned residential communities† outside their ranch, and were doing everything they could to purchase the last bit of land from the Warne descendants. To compound the pressures they were already facing, estate taxes were to be due that would require the descendants to pay fifty-five percent of the estates total v alue. These state taxes and land development pressures led to several farmers and land-owners having to sell their land (that soon became more developed urbanized â€Å"sprawl†). Although the Warne’s eventually were not forced to have their precious orange groves destroyed and developed, nine acres of land they owned and designated as strawberry fields were completely eradicated by developers. The method in which this land was zoned by the city created a value surpassing millions of dollars, and allowed their estate tax debts to be paid.This example illustrates an extraordinary effect on the quality of life that uncontrolled spread of urbanization manifested. The pressures by land developers and estate taxes not only lowered the quality of life for the land owner, but also for the citizens stuck in gridlock and all urbanized Southern California. The urbanized sprawl and planned residential communities replaced the open space and farmland. In the extreme developed sprea d and gridlock, those large open spaces were like sanctuaries to the urbanized mind.The effect this had on the quality of life was that uncontrolled urbanization was everywhere, and was inescapable. Aesthetically pleasing views of natural land became no longer present in the communities of Southern California, and created a psychological void of â€Å"nature† in the urbanized mind of its citizens. Beyond the physical appeal and traffic congestion, the sprawl was having a negative effect upon air pollution and endangered species as well. Finally, coalitions began deciding that developers, businesses, and citizens must start being accountable in financing repairs to this damaged infrastructure.After California was declared the most urbanized state in the nation, the publication of Beyond Sprawl: New Patterns of Growth to Fit the New California was released in 1995. In this publication, there was a call to arms for â€Å"smarter growth† in developing areas and communities . It also called for the redevelopment of some already developed business and residential districts as well as encourages high-density inhabitance. Beyond Sprawl illustrated that the expenses of public services and infrastructure are hardly ever paid by development profits or taxes incurred to new businesses and residents.This meant that all development that spread out around Southern California had to start financing the marginal costs imposed in the area. The publication figured schools, sewage systems, transportation facilities, water systems and other municipal systems into the equation of calculating infrastructure costs. The total cost of infrastructure repair according to Beyond Sprawl was $24,500 for each new single-family residence; an unrealistic solution to solving the urbanized problems.Accordingly, accumulating additional tax payers to pay into the subsidy pool was the only logistic method of sustaining the subsidization of infrastructure repair and growth. The effect t his would have on the quality of life of individuals in a community would mean less encouragement to engage in government planning and decision making processes due to the distribution of costs. This publication eventually led up to the 1987 growth control initiative on the Orange County ballot.This initiative was forged by citizens to put limits and control on urbanized growth, but was defeated when special interests opposition spent 2. 5 million dollars to defeat the campaign. The effect this had on the quality of life was quite negative because no growth controls were able to get implemented, and nobody could be accountable for financing infrastructure repairs and growth. The effects of the uncontrolled growth and urbanized spread of Southern California are greatly impacted upon its inhabitants.They range from unbearable traffic congestion (wasted time, money, and freedom), to total loss of any natural scenery (open space and farmland destroyed for development). From the species of animals that have become endangered do to these developments, to the pressures of special interest developers upon honest, hard-working land owners. All of these effects have greatly deteriorated and relinquished the quality of life that the citizens of Southern California once moved here to attain. A literal sprawling gridlock has a substantial effect on all aspects of urbanized life.From birth to adolescence, adolescence to adulthood, and adulthood to an elderly age, the urbanized spread influences all aspects of life. During adolescence, an individual growing up in a sprawling gridlock is influenced by the distance and time they must travel to do necessary activities (such as education, recreation, medical attention etc. ). The individual is influenced by the travel they must complete to achieve their tasks. When in route, they do not see open spaced, natural land. They see miles upon miles of pavement and urbanization. This may have a detrimental ffect upon their psyche as th eir minds process the artificial scenery of sprawled gridlock. This urbanized spread influences raising a family by limiting the number of activities a family may do. Due to the incredible gridlock that congested freeways create, families have less opportunity to go new places and do new things. This creates a barrier between families and the outside world. Without the ability to have leisurely outings as a family, the quality of life for that family is dramatically less than that of a family living outside of the urbanized sprawl.Likewise in building a community, the sprawled gridlock limits the possibilities in having a thriving, happy community. Without the ability or land to build and maintain parks, a community is nothing more than a large spread of houses. There is no way for a community to assemble or have recreational activities in the wake of these negative effects. Land developers and sprawling gridlock completely consumed everything, and left nothing more for communities to share. This extremely hinders the building of a happy community.Overall the sprawling gridlock is a complete determent and contradiction to a high quality life of its inhabitants. One may not be able to engage in complete personal freedom and independence if one is caught living in â€Å"the sprawl†. From the congested freeways to the concrete jungle, one cannot escape from the effects of rapid urbanization. The relationship between unregulated urbanized growth and the quality of the life for its inhabitants is a sprawled gridlock indeed.

Nazis in German Society essays

Nazis in German Society essays The Nazis perceived the Jewish community and other non-Aryan groups deviant and outsiders of the German society. If you were a true German, Adolph Hitler believed you should hate these people with a vengeance. The Jewish community made up a great percentage of Germany at the time Hitler and his totalitarianism began to make face. Hitler, obviously a racist, knew that these people could disagree with his authority and possibly do something about it. Therefore, Hitler took it upon himself to come up with the final solution. More than six million Jews were forced into concentration camps and later murdered in gas chambers. These people were humiliated all over the world. They were starved and naked and murdered in front of a party that could care less about these human beings. The Jews had to wear special emblems that would recognize them as a Jew and their very own homes and property were ransacked and violated by Hitlers henchmen. The rise of Nazism and the killing of the Je ws led to an unrest in much of the world. Hitler believed that Jews were evil and deserved to die, and he also believed in authoritarianism and war. The Jews fell prey to Hitler because he had a personal vendetta against them due to his personal afflictions and also because he believed that they brought down the German spirits because of socialism and capitalism. Hitler in no way could blame the Jews for his own misfortune, it just so happens that these are the people that he picked to take his anger out on. If anything in Germany was Jewish influenced such as department stores or feminism, Hitler took it out. Due to the fact that Hitler was a dictator, he thought that he could take over many other surrounding territories and perform the same acts of disgrace on them. This, he did. Hitler wanted as much power as possible to take out the rest of the world so that he could make up for the ...

Innovative Strategy in Royal Dutch Shell The WritePass Journal

Innovative Strategy in Royal Dutch Shell Innovative Strategy in Royal Dutch Shell . Shell is involved in every aspect of the oil and gas industry, with a large amount of vertical integration from the initial exploration through to the end trading, giving it potentially a large amount of power within the industry. The purpose of this paper is to look at the innovative strategy of Shell, with particular reference to its general corporate strategy, its structure, mission and vision, as well as looking at how its corporate culture encourages innovation at every stage of the operation. As noted by Shell itself, the company aims to meet with growing demand from customers to produce more power, but with less impact on society and the environment. As a result, the company has placed a great deal of emphasis on investment in research and development, in order to create greater efficiencies, so that the company can produce more energy, without incurring greater costs, either financially or environmentally (Burdon et al., 2008). The generic strategies employed by Shell are seen to be focused on differentiation by looking towards innovation in its exploration and production, with a focus on renewable and trading arrangements, as well as the more recent introduction of Shell Global Solutions International which includes technology services within the industry. It therefore has an overall advantage which has been gained by establishing new technologies, while also reducing the threat from new entrants or the threat from substitutes (Maharaj and Herremans, 2008).   Mission Statement and Vision Shell has established several general business principles as part of its day-to-day operations. However, despite having a myriad of different activities and business units, it has a set of 8 business principles which are applied at every stage. These are the combination of the three core values, namely honesty, integrity and respect for people which established 8 core business principles economic competition, business integrity, political activity, health and safety, security and the environment, local communities, communication and engagement, and compliance (Davenport, et al., 2007). As part of the business strategy, the organisation is openly committed to sustainable development, which requires the team to look at balancing short- and long-term interests and integrating a broad range of responsibilities with a broad range of stakeholders. Corporate Culture towards Innovation Bearing in mind these principles, Shell is following an ethos of innovation, recognising that sustainable development and the new technologies that achieve this are central. One of the main strategies pursued by Shell is that of encouraging innovation and, as part of its shareholder mission, the organisation recognises that it cannot develop innovation alone and has therefore encouraged individuals to submit ideas as to how they can overcome challenges within the energy sector, in such a way that will enable companies such as Shell to meet with future global demand. Shell also works in partnership with many other organisations in order to tackle some of the major challenges facing the industry. Furthermore, it recognises that developing specialist in-house skills by recruiting the top scientists and researchers to work at its technology centre to tackle all of these problems will mean that Shell’s long-term agenda will ultimately be achieved (Shell, 2013). A team of nine Chief Scientists work within the organisation, each with their own specialist area. For example, Jose Bravo is the Shell Chief Scientist Separations and is currently looking at developing new equipment to work in the refinery in order to facilitate more efficient separation. He states: â€Å"†¦we see technology as a way that Shell is going to carry on into the future. It is a fundamental part of our business strategy and the people that deliver that technology are the key resource for the company for the future†. This statement shows the type of culture that is emerging within the organisation and the importance is placed on innovation at every stage (Verburg, et al., 2006). Processes of Innovation, Stages of New Product Development The Chief Technical Officer, Gerald Schotman, goes one step further in his statement saying: â€Å"Technology underpins our ability to shape the future of energy. But we must have a clear vision of the future to know what technology we must develop today†. There are three key regional technology centres, the first in Amsterdam, the second in Houston and the third in Bangalore. The centre in Houston houses over 2,000 scientists, with six of the Chief Scientist also being resident here. Several projects are being undertaken within the technical centre, including looking at new technologies which will enable the company to unlock trapped natural gas and also to develop catalysts which will enable them to speed up chemical reaction, thus making the overall process considerably more efficient and gaining access to natural gases that would otherwise be wasted (Sparrow and Ringland, 010). The centre in Amsterdam was the first technology centre established in 1914 and it currently works closely with local universities in order to share expertise; it has also been responsible for some major developments such as the ability to turn natural gas into transport fuel.   Overall Rewards for Innovation Shell relies almost entirely on its ability to innovate and develop new efficiencies and new products within the oil and gas industry. By being one of the largest companies in the world, Shell is able to capitalise on this by investing in long-term development. Scientists are perceived to be vitally important to the organisation and the culture is very much towards achieving long-term development in line with the business strategy (Ortt, and Van der Duin, 2008). Vertical integration is also a key part of the strategy which enables the company to make the most of efficiency and share expertise and resources, where appropriate, thus providing greater technological innovation in the long run. An innovation strategy is central to Shell and has become an ingrained part of its mission, vision and values, as well as the underlying culture among the workforce. In doing so and by encouraging partnership with other organisations and higher education establishments, this innovation strategy is likely to be the key to the long-term success of this growing organisation. References Burdon, S., Chelliah, J. and Bhalla, A (2009) Structuring enduring strategic alliances: the case of Shell Australia and Transfield Services, Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 30 Iss: 4, pp.42 – 51 Davenport, T., Leibold, M. and Voelpel. S (2007) Strategic Management in the Innovation Economy: Strategic Approaches and Tools for Dynamic Innovation Capabilities, John Wiley Sons. p.367 Maharaj, R and Herremans, I (2008) Shell Canada: over a decade of sustainable development reporting experience, Corporate Governance, Vol. 8 Iss: 3, pp.235 – 247 Ortt, J and Van der Duin, P (2008) The evolution of innovation management towards contextual innovation, European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 11 Iss: 4, pp.522 – 538 Shell, (2013) Available at shell.com/global/future-energy/innovation/researching-around-the-world.html Sparrow, O and Ringland, G (2010) A system for continuous organizational renewal, Strategy Leadership, Vol. 38 Iss: 4, pp.34 – 41 Verburg, R., Ortt, R and Dicke, W. (2006) Managing Technology and Innovation: An Introduction, Routledge p.341

Edaphosaurus Facts and Figures

Edaphosaurus Facts and Figures At first glance, Edaphosaurus looks a lot like a scaled-down version of its close relative, Dimetrodon: both of these ancient pelycosaurs (a family of reptiles that preceded the dinosaurs) had large sails running down their backs, which helped to maintain their body temperatures (by radiating away excess heat during the night and absorbing sunlight during the day) and were probably also used to signal the opposite sex for mating purposes. Oddly enough, though, the evidence points to the late Carboniferous Edaphosaurus having been a herbivore and Dimetrodon a carnivorewhich has led some experts (and TV producers) to speculate that Dimetrodon regularly had big, heaping portions of Edaphosaurus for lunch! Except for its sporty sail (which was much smaller than the comparable structure on Dimetrodon), Edaphosaurus had a distinctly ungainly appearance, with an unusually small head compared to its long, thick, bloated torso. Like its fellow plant-eating pelycosaurs of the late Carboniferous and early Permian periods, Edaphosaurus had a very primitive dental apparatus, meaning that it needed a whole lot of intestines to process and digest the tough vegetation it ate. (For an example of what this whole lot of guts body plan can result in, without the distraction of a sail, check out the awkward build of the contemporaneous pelycosaur Casea.) Given its similarity to Dimetrodon, its not surprising that Edaphosaurus has generated a fair amount of confusion. This pelycosaur was first described in 1882 by the famous American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope, after its discovery in Texas; then, a few years later, he erected the closely related genus Naosaurus, based on additional remains excavated elsewhere in the country. Over the next few decades, however, subsequent experts synonymized Naosaurus with Edaphosaurus by naming additional Edaphosaurus species, and even one putative species of Dimetrodon was later moved under the Edaphosaurus umbrella. Edaphosaurus Essentials Edaphosaurus (Greek for ground lizard); pronounced eh-DAFF-oh-SORE-us Habitat:Â  Swamps of North America and Western Europe Historical Period:Â  Late Carboniferous-Early Permian (310-280 million years ago) Size and Weight:Â  Up to 12 feet long and 600 pounds Diet:Â  Plants Distinguishing Characteristics:Â  Long, narrow body; large sail on back; small head with bloated torso

M6A2 LTABC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M6A2 LTABC - Essay Example Resistance to change is tridimensional in nature, encompassing cognitive, behavioral, and affective human components or attitudes that inhibit the change process (Hammer, 2006). Examples of Resistance to Change in an Organization The organization under study has experienced regular resistance to changes that border on employees’ intrinsic rewards. The organization had proposed changes that would result in redefining of the employees’ tasks and alter their current job positions. According to the resisting employees, any attempt to transfer employees to less interesting, less challenging and less autonomous employment positions would lead to negative change evaluation and erroneous evaluation on employee performances. Cognitively, a decrease in challenges and autonomy would also lead to negative emotional response. According to opposing employees, individual well-being is to some extent influenced by an organization’s ability to satisfy individual intrinsic needs i ncluding self-determination and autonomy (Brown, 2005). Example two Changes in prestige and powers have as well encountered consistent resistance from employees who feel less rewarded in the process. In the organization under study, the power and prestige changes proposed the alteration in power allocation where some people were to be assigned some influential positions while others were expected to be downgraded. Some leadership positions were also projected to get more privileges than others. According to employees, the power organization changes as well as political ramifications were the major causes for negative evaluation of individual performances. Additionally, power relegation was equated to negative impacts on individual’s behavior (Brown, 2005). Comparison of the Two Examples against the Theory on Resistance to Change In his Life Space Theory, Lewin evaluated the interaction between the environment and individual needs. According to his theory, people try to mainta in a balance between their needs and the environment. When this balance is compromised or disturbed, stress is developed and individuals are forced to restore the balance (Schultz & Schultz, 2004). In example one, an attempt to redefine the position destabilized the employees balance with their environment, leading to resistance. In example two, an attempt to deny people their coveted powers and prestige created stresses that required immediate action to restore normalcy with the environment. Additionally, Lewin observed organizational changes as based on three main steps. The initial step is unfreezing step where employees are trained to understand the need for organizational change. Secondly, employees need to undergo a work change training program based on a structured plan (Williams, 2006). The final step is refreezing, which involves the institutionalization of the new behaviors and structures. In the two examples, the organization management did not follow the required steps a s stipulated by Lewin’s theory, advancing change resistance Happenings in the Organization under Study The organization under study does not entirely understand the procedure required in

Challenges to Social Policy in Relation to Globalisation Essay

Challenges to Social Policy in Relation to Globalisation - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the process of globalization has, in fact, weakened several institutions developed by nation-states to structure social policy formation. Systems created by policymakers and by the people within their context are not able to resolve the most serious issues at present. Most believe that social policy formation must presently have a regional or global importance. However, the needed networks or institutions are largely absent in that area. In essence, globalization is the concept that has been used to describe an array of political, social, cultural, technological, and economic factors and mechanisms that are believed to have generally created the specific aspects of current living. National welfare policies and processes have become much more globalized than is generally believed. Consideration of the influence of globalization on social policy, therefore, requires exploring policies and systems that connect people and places all over t he world. Globalisation has influenced social policy in two major ways. First is examining social policy development in domains of extraterritorial governance. These domains of governance could be global (IMF, UN, etc.) or trans-regional (ASEAN, EU, etc.). Second is placing emphasis on cross-border movement of products, services, people, and knowledge as they concern the effects of social policies on communities, policy development, and social welfare

HR ASSISMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HR ASSISMENT - Assignment Example Human resource management is an important area of research, and the resistance is the most important element and the good knowledge of organizational activity is the main part of successful organizational activity. Knowledge in the field of human resource management help different organizations go through the period of change (Ferris, Rosen & Barnum 205). *Numerous researches and books that have been written on the topic confirm the relevance of leadership in developing effective human resource strategies and using them to create and sustain better competitiveness. Every human resource executive should develop leadership skills. Every company has its own rules and limitations which should be learned and carefully analyzed by any human resource manager. These knowledge should be taken into account by human resource manager in the decision making process. Manager must understand the important of skills improvement (Ferris, Rosen & Barnum 205). * As human resource management now represents the essential area of investigation, and the resistance is the most important element as well as the good knowledge of company structure is a central part of successful organizational activity, some key points can be defined for human resource managers. The current state of research confirms human resource executives as the most important asset on company boards (Renckly & Renckly 301). HR executives (and outstanding HR executives, in particular) know most about their employees, employee relationships personnel law, benefits, diversity, compensation, personnel policies, and related employment issues (Renckly & Renckly

Operating system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operating system - Essay Example As a result, there is a need for a communication interface between the computer and the human users. Interfacing the peripheral with the CPU For the central system to function, it requires a number of peripheral units which helps the system to work. Such peripheral units include the memory, the hard drive etc. The processor also needs input and output devices such as the keyboard, the mouse and the monitor in order for it to be able to receive data and give data from the results of processing the raw data. All these resources need to be managed and that is where the operating system comes in. The operating system sits between these peripheral components and the central hardware (the processing unit) and regulates the way these units access and use the operating system. The operating system manages the application systems as well and acts as the intermediary between the applications which are not able to communicate directly with the computer hardware. Advantages of an operating syste m Multitasking and time sharing One of the greatest advantages of an operating system is the ability to multitask. Multitasking refers to the fact that the processor will be handling more than one process concurrently. This is done through time sharing and the operating system in any computing environment is very useful in determining which functions will be given which computing resources. Before the modern operating system architecture was developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s, computer processors only processed one process at a time (Meyler, Fuller and Joyner 584). The main disadvantage of processing one process at a time is that valuable processor time is lost every time there is a delay in data execution or memory access for that particular process. An operating system schedules the access of the processor of the computer and makes sure that the processor is busy throughout the uptime. Using complicated algorithms, the operating systems also determine which application or device to be given access to the processor. Based on how complicated a process is, it can be given preference or denied preference. The operating system also is able to determine which processes are critical and therefore gives them preference in order to avoid fatal errors. For instance, if a printer is asking for a timeslot in the processor, it may be given preference over other processes because delays in processing the printing data may lead to the whole process failing. In this regard, a computer operating system not only schedules processes but also acts as an error handling system which prevents the computer as well as the various processes from failing. Programmers don’t need to know the processor architecture One of advantages of operating systems is that programmers never have to worry about the architecture of a computer as long as they code programs which can be executed by the operating system. This also means that programs can be run in computers with different hardware architectures since the applications don’t have to communicate directly with the hardware (processor). In this regard, the operating system separates the functions of application developers from computer architects. The computer programmer does not have to understand the internal working of the computer because the operating system will do most of the communication between the applications developed by

Study and learning skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Study and learning skills - Essay Example The learning process requires person’s activity - it is not limited to the university or school. You keep yourself acquainted with new literature, make your own little discoveries, determine your own position on one or another issue and apply your knowledge to solve specific problems. You should not regard yourself as a passive object of the learning process; object, which is able to receive information only in the classroom and is not going to analyze it. Prepare to the fact that your self-study time will exceed time, spent in the classroom. The sooner you get the necessary skills to be successful in studying, the more efficiently your time will be used, and the greater your success will be. Nobody can deny the fact that acquiring knowledge is not easy task to do. Sometimes studying is quite a painful process and lots of factors can influence it. First of all, a student needs to develop some skills that will be necessary for further efficient and successful studying. Studying skills or strategies are characterized â€Å"as the approaches applied to learning, which are generally critical to success in school, are considered essential for acquiring good grades, and are useful for learning throughout one's life† (Preston, 1989). Everybody is aware or such simple truth that time is money, nonetheless, so many people neglect it and go on wasting time. Students are not exception. It is impossible to grasp the immensity and learn all the material just before taking test or writing an important essay. If you want to be a successful student, you should never try to do too much studying at once. Such experiments with yourself may result in your being too tired, exhausted and thus, unable to write your test well. So, when you have some free time, it should be planned accordingly. Space the work you have to cope with over short time periods and never forget about having brakes between studying periods. Your schedule should be evaluated, so take care of it and do not let your friends or family member to draw your attention off the studying process. Planning time properly is a very important skill not only for studying but also for your future profession. First, all your zeal got to be directed to coping with the most difficult tasks, requiring much time and efforts. And what about the students’ working place? Should we actually pay so much attention to the working place arranging? Of course, we do. Very few students think about the studying places, though when chosen incorrectly, such place can do more harm than good. Studying place should be quiet; its being free from any interruption is of paramount importance to you. Your studying place also should be available to you when you need it; it should be spacious and comfortable, for you not to

Research Method SPSS Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Method SPSS Report - Essay Example Consequently, the employed people are able to visit the gymnasium more than those who are unemployed. This means that the hypothesis was not true. The hypothesis here is that the average customer satisfaction increases with the increase in age groups. We therefore run the linear correlation analysis using Q2 and Q7. The results are as shown below: The coefficient of linear relationship between Q2 and Q7 is - 0.149 by Kendall’s tau_b and -0.172 by Spearman’s Correlation. This means that there is a negative linear correlation between the two variables. It implies that the increase in age groups reduces the level of customer satisfaction. Consequently, the people in the low age group are more satisfied compared to people in the older groups. The hypothesis is not true. The linear regression gives a linear regression value of 0.042. It shows that the willingness to pay increases with the increase in the weekly income in the ratio of 0.042. For a person earning a net income of  £300, he or she falls is willing to pay between 70 and 75 from the reading on the plotted output. The multiple regressions shows that the significance of the weekly income to the willingness to pay is 0.671while the bivariate linear regression shows a lower coefficient of value of 0.042. There is a wide variance between the two

Study and learning skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Study and learning skills - Essay Example The learning process requires person’s activity - it is not limited to the university or school. You keep yourself acquainted with new literature, make your own little discoveries, determine your own position on one or another issue and apply your knowledge to solve specific problems. You should not regard yourself as a passive object of the learning process; object, which is able to receive information only in the classroom and is not going to analyze it. Prepare to the fact that your self-study time will exceed time, spent in the classroom. The sooner you get the necessary skills to be successful in studying, the more efficiently your time will be used, and the greater your success will be. Nobody can deny the fact that acquiring knowledge is not easy task to do. Sometimes studying is quite a painful process and lots of factors can influence it. First of all, a student needs to develop some skills that will be necessary for further efficient and successful studying. Studying skills or strategies are characterized â€Å"as the approaches applied to learning, which are generally critical to success in school, are considered essential for acquiring good grades, and are useful for learning throughout one's life† (Preston, 1989). Everybody is aware or such simple truth that time is money, nonetheless, so many people neglect it and go on wasting time. Students are not exception. It is impossible to grasp the immensity and learn all the material just before taking test or writing an important essay. If you want to be a successful student, you should never try to do too much studying at once. Such experiments with yourself may result in your being too tired, exhausted and thus, unable to write your test well. So, when you have some free time, it should be planned accordingly. Space the work you have to cope with over short time periods and never forget about having brakes between studying periods. Your schedule should be evaluated, so take care of it and do not let your friends or family member to draw your attention off the studying process. Planning time properly is a very important skill not only for studying but also for your future profession. First, all your zeal got to be directed to coping with the most difficult tasks, requiring much time and efforts. And what about the students’ working place? Should we actually pay so much attention to the working place arranging? Of course, we do. Very few students think about the studying places, though when chosen incorrectly, such place can do more harm than good. Studying place should be quiet; its being free from any interruption is of paramount importance to you. Your studying place also should be available to you when you need it; it should be spacious and comfortable, for you not to

Identity the ftre written Essay Example for Free

Identity the ftre written Essay Introduction Identity Theft is considered to be major problem which has affected thousands, more than 9 million victims of credit identity theft were reported in 2003, it was estimated that the victims were deprived of more than 52 billion dollars through identity theft; the victims included established businesses and individuals. It has been learnt that sophisticated organized criminals (Richard, 2003) were involved in identity theft. Identity theft is considered as an intimate abuse that is mainly responsible for the financial losses of the grieved victims. Identity Theft is appropriation of anothers personal information (Whilk, 2003), the purpose of the exercise is to practice fraud, and the victim is impersonated by the culprits in this practice. Identity theft is mainly linked with the leakage of confidential information that is later misused by the culprits to achieve benefit. It has been observed through past cases of Identity theft that most of the culprits have enjoyed access to the victim directly, or the information related to the victim through different dealings. The nature of the dealing is not particular, in some of the cases associates and acquaintances have been involved have been found guilty of Identity Theft. According to studies, Identity theft involves three parties that include the victim, the perpetrator and the creditor. Victim is the person who fells prey of the criminal activities without any knowledge of it; the perpetrator is the individual who impersonates the victim, and executes identity theft, the perpetrator in many of the cases have the access to the information of the victim. The creditor is the personal who is familiar to both the perpetrator and the victim, the creditor support and develop the perpetrator plan. In some of the cases the fourth party is the source of the personal information that is being abused (Whilk, 2003). Types of identity theft Pretexting Pretexting is considered to be one of the forms of Identity Theft; in this exercise one culprit impersonates the victim, such that one calls under the pretext being that person (Richard, 2003). The exercise is normally performed to secure personal information that includes telephone records, and details of bank accounts. According to studies it has been observed that in many of the cases the4 victims are unable to detect their identity theft through pretexting. Credit Card fraud The evolution of internet has made it easier for the interested customers to avail deals through internet. Credit card facilities launched by several banks have tried to facilitate the customers, and have provided them with an easy opportunity to avail deals through electronic transaction via credit card. Unfortunately the sharing of information has often been leaked, and many of the cases of identity theft have been reported. According to study, running up charges on anothers credit card, or passing checks of another, is a form of identity theft. Identity theft is this case is practiced through appropriation of the signature, account number, and other aspects of anothers identity, the purpose of the entire exercise is to secure financial benefits on other expenses through unethical and illegal practice. New account fraud Identity theft has been reported through malpractices related to the opening of new accounts. In such case, the criminal uses the identity of the victim, and then after fulfilling the formalities of credit card companies borrow the money. Criminal identity theft In some of the cases it has been reported that criminals impersonate innocent people after their arrest, and have managed to escape successfully. In such cases, the innocent individual then has criminal record, and in some of the cases arrest warrants have also been issued. It has been researched that it is easier for the criminal to link their personality with the victim, and later manage to escape, however in the police records many such individuals are blacklisted who have reported their ignorance about the incident, and have proved their presence in foreign country at the time of criminal activity. Identity Theft as Abuse In the survey which was conducted in 2004, it was observed that domestic abuse has direct relationship with Identity Theft; it was observed that more than 15 percent reported that they were also victims of domestic harassment and abuse from the perpetrator. Identity theft is also conducted by the strangers, and in some of the cases organized criminal networks are involved in such practices. The identity theft is solely conducted to achieve economic gains through false identity, there it is expected that an authority with financial stability is likely to be the victim, domestic violence is sometimes accompanied by economic abuse, such as controlling access to wealth or destruction of property (John, 2002). Much because it is difficult to trace the culprit involve in the identity theft, the practice is considered to be extremely lucrative for the abuser, where as the malpractice has long lasting and debilitating (Robert, 2003) impact on the status, repute and character of the victim. The survey revealed that, identity theft victims spend a median of one hundred hours rectifying the damage, and lose thousands of dollars in lost wages and other expenses (John, 2002), more than 50 percent of the victim have complained that they are subjected to repeated interrogations and false implications by the law agencies even after 2 years after the revelation of their identity theft, whereas as some reported that they are subjected to false implications for more than decade. According to the Stalking Resource Center at the National Center for the Victims of Crime, explained that stalking as a course of conduct directed at a specific person when one knows or should know that the course of conduct would cause a reasonable person to fear for his or her safety or the safety of a third person; or suffer other emotional distress (Kristin, 2004), therefore stalking can be considered as a derivative of the stalking. The discussed surveillance, pretexting, and credit identity theft are directly related to stalking. Pretexting is not considered as an offence of extreme tribulation for the victim, the pretexter can only secure the right to access the accounts, and telephone record. Therefore the expected threats and damages through pretexter include the cancellation of the victim’s account, electric, gas and credit car accounts. However the cases of identity theft related to credit cards have subjected the victim under serious consequences. The survey report found that, distress caused by credit identity theft is real, the victims report rage and anger; personal financial fears; fears for family financial safety; a sense of powerlessness and of feeling defiled (Kristin, 2004). Preventive Measures The measures to be necessarily adopted by the public to avoid any incident of victimization through identity theft include issuance of the credit report periodically. The public should also ensure that their credit limit is not too high, so that even in case of any manipulation the financial loss can be adjusted. The public should avail the scheme for the monitoring of their credit, through which unexpected financial dealings can be tracked. It has been learnt that Fair Credit Reporting Act has provided the public with an opportunity to place a fraud alert on their credit report, through such scheme the creditors have the right to access to verify their credit. References 1. Kristin Loberg. Identity Theft: How to Protect Your Name, Your Credit and Your Vital Information. Silver Lake Publishing. 2004. 2. Robert J. Hammond, Robert J. Hammond, Jr. Identity Theft: How to Protect Your Most Valuable Asset. Career Press. 2003. 3. John R. Vacca. Identity Theft. Career Press. 2002. 4. Whilk, Nathanael. Identity Theft: Preventing Consumer Terrorism: An Attitudinal Approach. Silver Lake Publishing 2003. 5. Richard M. Stana. Identity Theft: Prevalence Cost Appear to Be Growing. Prentice Hall. 2003.

Urban poverty: Causes and solutions

Urban poverty: Causes and solutions Urban Poverty I. Introduction Historically, poverty belonged to rural areas, but nowadays it is the same in mega cities and it is estimated that a quarter of the worlds urban population is currently living in a poverty situation (Perlman, 1998). In last several years, by the population growth explosion and more and more people choose to living from countryside to city, this phenomenon was becoming more and more serious. At same time, it made social problems stand out. Deepening of urban poverty has becoming an unsafe factor in social and economic. The new problems mix with old problems lead to a variety of complex social effects. In this report will present the problems which urban poverty, and try to find the solutions to solve it. The reason for urban poverty is complicated, such as population, employment and social service. This report will state as follow. II. Methodology III. Discussion 1. Causes of poverty 1.1 Population Since the 20th century 50years, along with the accelerated process of urbanization and urban population density increased, the population of world from 30% to about 50% now, is approach to 60% by 2030. Because of this, the urban poor and slums have become increasingly prominent. Todays megacities are reaching the limits of their carrying capacity to sustain human life, as urbanites increasingly face lack of access to safe water and sanitation, inadequate waste management, poor drainage, air pollution, excessive noise levels, and ineffective and inadequate service provision(Perlman, J., Hopkins, E. Perez, R. 2008). 1.2 Employment It is means that people who living in the urban poverty, it will easily lacking to employment. According to Perlman(1998) said that women who is worked in poverty areas is overstrain, without the safety property. What is more, less working opportunities contribute to low-income household struggling for survival (Baker and Schuler, 1997), and therefore, the gap between rich and poor is widening (Perlman, 1998). 1.3 The social base installation and social service Due to the problems of urban poverty is more seriously, it is effect the social base installation and social service. According to the research from Practical Action(2008),there are 2.2billion people around world scarcity access to proper sanitation, the sewers are created by rubbish and human defecations, and more than 420 million do not have access to the simplest latrines (Perlman, 1998) and lack of solid waste disposal services (Masika, 1997). On the other hand, they lack of access to community services and low-income communities have no control over new facilities (Perlman, 1998). 2. Effects of poverty 2.1 Personal Firstly, due to the urban poor and their families, the reality of poverty has a certain degree of damage on their health, education, employment, housing, family life and other aspects. In the commercial city, poor people have low purchasing power. It is not only leading urban poor to difficulties on their material life, but also refusing them to have equal access to urban education, health care and other services. The urban poor in these areas will lag behind their culture and physiological quality than the non-poor, thus indirectly leading to decline in their social class status, so that their children may still face the dilemma of poverty. 2.2 Societal When the situation of urban poverty become aggravate and rules break down, as Power, A. and Houghton, j. said â€Å"defensive anti- social behavior takes root, people carry knives, young people from gangs, people dump their bulk rubbish where it has already accumulated and outsiders abandon cars in run-down streets where fines are not enforced†. 2.3 Criminal Civil Unrest in the French is a typical example. Every country has objective issue of Urban wealthy polarization, developed countries are no exception. The poverty and The interests of the division lead to social conflict, the French phenomenon of urban poverty and social conflict have some representation. In November 2007, the French railway strike broke out in succession and social unrest. However, in the suburbs of Paris in 2005, two boys were accidentally dead, had a similar outbreak of unrest. The riots in 2005 and 2007, most people in group were living in poor conditions, unemployment and poverty population. The content of the performance reflected were migration, unemployment, and poverty. It was widening gap between rich and the poor led to the split of the deep social contradictions, reflecting the rich-poor divide is real resentment. 3. Solutions to poverty 3.1 Government The government has duty to concern about the poverty problem, to take extremely care about their children to school, and basic health. Make sure urban poor can get special price about urban water, electricity, gas price and so on, so that their living condition do not deteriorate. And the government is have to design a income mechanism to mitigate distribution gap, such as controlling taxes and social welfare system to make the strong revenue transfer to the weak. 3.2 Societal Fairness in economic activities there are two concepts, one is income equally, all participants in economic activities more consistent revenue; second is a fair chance, that mean economic agents have a fair competition and fair opportunity to participate. Income may be unfair, but everyone should have the right to compete fairly.

Poverty and Humanity in I Had Seen Castles :: I Had Seen Castles

Walk through a door, and enter a new world. For John, raised in home resplendent with comfort and fine things, Ginny’s family’s apartment above the fruit market is a radically different environment than his own. Economic differences literally smack him in the face, as he enters the door and walks into towel hung to dry. â€Å"First lesson: how the poor do laundry† (Rylant 34). In this brief, potent scene, amidst â€Å"shirts, towels, underwear, pillowcases† hanging in a room strung with clotheslines, historical fiction finds crucial expression in the uncomfortable blush of a boy ready for a first date and unprepared for the world in which he finds himself. Rylant juxtaposes Ginny’s poor family, living on a salary that can only be secured within the harsh, unrelenting working conditions of an industrial mill, against John’s family who is oblivious to the fear of poverty or hunger. In this juxtaposition, contemporary issues of economic privilege and workers rights influence the budding war-time romance of John and Ginny, and to us, the audience, peering in at them. By gradually magnifying John’s discomfort in entering Ginny’s â€Å"tattered neighborhood,† Rylant reveals the historical extraordinariness of wealth amidst squalor in the city of Pittsburgh. â€Å"Mills were fed coal and men so Pittsburgh might live,† and Ginny’s father gives his life to the mill so his family might live, albeit in the walls of this tiny rented apartment (Rylant 2). Both historically realistic and entirely fictitious, Rylant’s characters break the â€Å"single perspective† of history texts, fleshi ng out facts with their own stories, and marking our modern time with their experiences (Jacobs and Tunnell 117). I Had Seen Castles primarily chronicles the disillusionment of wartime heroism in the archetypal young solider, John. His illusions of war sustain Ginny’s controversial criticisms, though she infuriates and bewilders him, ultimately demonstrating the chilling effect of patriotic propaganda upon entire American communities throughout WWII. Beyond my diorama depiction of young lovers and a venerable mother meeting beneath clean laundry, the gruesomeness of war lurks and waits. Rylant brings war history to life in detailed, intimate ways, in dismembered, bloody soldiers, in the child with frozen legs that come off in warm bathwater, and in realistic treatment of John’s disenchantment; â€Å"as the war dragged on through 1944, it became more difficult for us to justify to ourselves why we fought† (81). Yet Rylant also offers a picture of the resilience in human beings, through our undeniable bonds to one another, despite nationality, class or war loyalties.

Cold War Essay -- essays research papers

In the post World War II era, a war arose between the Soviet Union and the United States, but in reality there was never really any documented fighting between the two nations, thus spawning the catch phrase "Cold War." Even though both countries were ready to go to war at the blink of an eye and almost did, the powers-that-be never got the nerve to authorize a nuclear war that would have made World War II look like child's play. This was a war fought in the political ring, and was also a war that did not start at the end of World War II, this war started during the war against Hitler and lasted for forty more years before peace became predominant over the crumbling Soviet Union. Many events occurred in this political heavyweight bout, and both sides can be blamed for the extremity the tensions escalated to, and this Cold War would have been tough to avoid taking into account the political beliefs of the countries at hand. During the war, once the Allied powers from the west joined forces with Stalin's Red Army, trouble was inevitable. Luckily for the world, America had a great leader and foreign diplomat in Franklin D. Roosevelt while England countered with Winston Churchill. This duo created a steady working relationship with Stalin, thus creating the Big Three and the Grand Alliance. Even though it was far from a perfect relationship, all three diplomats realized the task at hand, the mandate of stopping Adolph Hitler and the Nazi regime of Germany. Sadly, this priority overwhelmed the Big Three, and no solution was ever conjured up on how to handle the Post-War situation in Europe and Asia following an Allied victory. Understandably, stopping Hitler was far from guaranteed, but any plan that was taken by the Allies in Europe never even considered the implications of how to handle the war-torn countries of Eastern Europe afterwards, an area that the Soviets had suffered many casualties and other losses to free from facist control. The few problems with Churchill and Roosevelt is that they both tended to do things their own way, sometimes leaving Stalin out to dry, and also relied heavily on their own diplomatic skills, leaving other politicians out of the foreign policy matters for each country. While many United States Government officials were not fans of Stalin, they all realized the urgency in having him on their side of the fight. In r... ...or Russia to cease these actions, so even though America could have reacted better to some events during and after the war, Russia still would not have been easy to deal with when it came to their own country, not to mention Eastern Europe. The Cold War was more than likely inevitable, but it probably could have transpired more peacefully and definitely not on such a grand level. Someone that crazy as Stalin was and consequences so heavy as letting Russia into Eastern Europe could not be ignored, and the Americans had every right to stop the advancement of Russia into Poland. The Polish would not want to suffer those horrendous acts of oppression, and if the United States wanted to be the policeman of the world and stop these human rights violations, then Russia is the perfect place to start. The United States certainly did not always act brilliantly, and indeed they caused plenty of their own problems by a lack of good communication, but Russia was just as much to blame for the tensions throughout the world during the origins of the Cold War in the late 1940's to early 50's. eCheat. (2004). The Cold War. Retrieved Feb 28, 2005, from http://www.echeat.com/essay.php?t=25261.

Ethical Theories Within the Film “Crimes and Misdemeanors” Essay

In the final scene of the movie Crimes and Misdemeanors, I believe the fictional philosopher Louse Levy’s message was very similar to philosophy Jean-Paul Sartre and his theory on existentialism. One of Sartre’s quotes, â€Å"Man is nothing else but that which he makes of himself.† Levy is trying to convey that we are in control of our choices and we choose our own happiness. In the final scene of the film Levy states, â€Å"We’re all faced throughout our lives with making conscience moral decisions. Some are on a grander scale than others, but we define ourselves by the choices we have made. We are, in fact, the sum total of our choices.† So when Levy’s character states, â€Å"most human beings seem to have the ability to keep trying and find joy from simple things†, this is based on our choices. We decide to be happy or sad. Because we as human beings have the ability to think rationally or ill-rationally, our minds have the capacity to feel emotions, to dream up, or cognitively entertain, a mind-based reality of happiness. One of the survival tactics as human beings is our ability to strive for happiness; and once a level of happiness is achieved there is always a need for more; it is a never ending pursuit of happiness. Our happiness should also be achieved without pain. Ever though we strive for this happiness there is no methodical way to obtain happiness or does the sense of happiness always become achieved. I believe this viewpoint is heavily reflected throughout the movie, Crimes and Misdemeanors. I think all the characters in the movie are striving and hoping for happiness but I think the only character who truly achieves the ultimate happiness would be Rabbi Ben. The role of GOD in establishing ethical values and whether the world would be valueless if GOD didn’t exist is displayed throughout this movie. Rabbi Ben (Sam Waterston) leads a moral life throughout the film and he ends up blind, but he can dance with his daughter with a clear conscience. The irony about this character is he fails to see in the real world yet he has strong spiritual vision. His detachment from mundane concerns, and emphasize on what is real and meaningful – a life devoted to GOD. The ideas that only by blinding oneself to reality can one live a meaningful life devoted to GOD. The symbolism of blindness seems to have a connection to a blind universe indifferent to any sense of justice. In fact all of the religious characters in Crimes and Misdemeanors suffer from impaired vision and are portrayed wearing glasses. This may represent their inability to  see the true nature of reality and the understanding of true happiness. I feel all of the characters in this film reflect the viewpoint of hope and the desire to achieve happiness without pain; it is just the choices, consequences or motive of their actions that is misguided. We make consequentialist decisions regarding our actions to separate the morally right from wrong which leads us to our ultimate goal of happiness. But what determines if an action is moral right or wrong? Stuart Mill’ theory on, â€Å"The Principle of Utility†, views the consequences that arise from the action to determine the moral worth of an action; the best decisions result in good consequences for the largest number of people. He also believes that happiness equal pleasure; the actions are morally right to the extent that they produce lots of pleasure. Other theorists like Immanuel Kant, who takes a deontology approach on the intention or motive of the action. He believes that our actions are morally right only if we can apply them universally. I feel the character Lester (Alan Alda), displays the theories of Jean Paul Sartre and Friedrich Nietzsche. He’s a successful television producer with a pompous attitude. His character takes charge of his own destiny. He knows what he wants and goes after it. His Will to Power is great and sets no limitations on what he can achieve throughout this film. There are a few characters in Crimes and Misdemeanor who strive for the hope of happiness but fall short. The main character, Judah Rosenthal (Martin Landau) this character is a successful ophthalmologist who achieves short-term happiness in a two year affair with a woman named Dolores (Anjelicia Huston). When Dolores threatens tell his wife of there affair his moral structure is threaten he feels as if his entire universe becomes meaningless. But, by the end of the film Judah make peace with himself and finds that he commits a crime and gets away with it. He is only implicated to his own moral consciousness. In reality, hope i s the worst of all evils, because it prolongs the torments of man. FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE, Human, All-too-Human The second character that falls short of achieving happiness would be Clifford Stern (Wood Allen); this character is a small-time film maker hired by his brother-in-law Lester to produce a documentary about his life and work. Clifford dislikes Lester as well as his marriage to Lester’s sister  Wendy (Joann Gleason). While filming this documentary Cliff falls in love with Lester’s associate producer, Halley Reed (Mia Farrow). However Cliff’s efforts to woo Halley fail and in the end Wendy chooses to be with Lester. This gives proof that good doesn’t always prosper over evil. The comment by Halley after learning about Levy’s death she says, â€Å"No matter how elaborate a philosophical system you work out, in the end it’s got to be incomplete.† I believe it is the selfish needs, constant change, as well as the desires of human beings that allow people to choose right from wrong and good from bad. It is all about wants over needs. I believe Halley didn’t initially want Lester it was his constant appeal to the things that she needed which gave her pleasure that won her over. Not the roses because she was allergic, but the caviar and his influence and power. I believe that the universe is in fact indifferent. However, if there is no GOD, there can be no objective standards of right and wrong. All we are confronted with is â€Å"the bare valueless fact of existence† (Jean-Paul Sartre). This is probably what Rabbi Ben meant during the film when he said, â€Å"Without the law, it’s all darkness, and, â€Å"You Judah see the world as harsh and empty of value and pitiless.† Rabbi Ben states, how he couldn’t not exist without moral structure-with real meaning-with forgiveness and some kind of higher power. Also during the climax of the film Judah concludes that â€Å"GOD is a luxury that he can’t afford† and arranges for Dolores-mistre ss (Angelica Houston) to be murdered. Afterwards, in a state of despair he visits his childhood home and recreates in his mind a Passover Seder from his youth. Judah’s atheist Aunt May (Anna Berger) and religious father Sol, is an exploration of the relationship between morality and GOD and the problem of morality in a godless universe. Aunt May takes the position of the atheist and moral relativist in the ensuring debate as she envisions a cruel and godless world with no objectives standards of good and evil and no moral purposes behind human reality. Aunt May believes individuals justify their actions as they wish: â€Å"For those who want morality there’s morality. Nothings handed down in stone.† Aunt May argues that in a world where everything is permissible, there is nothing to stop an individual from committing murder other than their own conscience. â€Å"And I say, if he can do it, and get away with it, and chooses not be bothered by the ethics, then he’s home free.† We live in a universe where our moral ethics between right and wrong are greatly  unbalanced. A world where the good suffer, the bad prosper and no greater power will ever rectify this which is a sad consequence. It is really hard to establish a basic moral or ethical system for human beings because we are so indiff erent of each other. We have for example the Bible or the Koran, but, like Aunt May state in the film, â€Å"For those who want morality there’s morality.† [Also in the final scene of the film Judah draws Cliff into a supposedly hypothetical discussion that draws upon his morals. Judah says that with time, any crisis will pass; but Cliff morosely claims instead that one is forever fated to bear ones burdens for â€Å"crimes and misdemeanors†] Wikipedia. We battle daily for justice. All we can do as human beings is to hope for happiness try to utilize our own moral ideas and meaningful values to again hopeful influence our lives and to reflect upon future generations. References â€Å"Crimes and Misdemeanors (Philosophical Films).† Crimes and Misdemeanors (Philosophical Films). N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Crimes and Misdemeanors: The Final Scene.† YouTube. YouTube, 04 Feb. 2009. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Crimes and Misdemeanors.† Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Mar. 2013. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Existentialism Is a Humanism Quotes.† By Jean-Paul Sartre. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. IMDb. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. â€Å"The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture.† The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. http://phil.uregina.ca/vancha/Litch-chp6.pdf

Duties of Sales Assistant Essay

To be a responsible sales assistant, the frontline workers need to recognize the Inherent Power of their Professional Presence and start establishing effective nonverbal Communication. Creating their own virtual presence is important as well. For the store manager to lead effectively, they need to demonstrate good leadership skills and be engaged in the workplace. As a sales assistant with the following duties and responsibilities , they are responsible for assisting and providing support to the sales manager of the organization , responsible for solving all the queries and problems of the employees , developing and implementing new strategies and plans in the sales department to improve work quality and providing report to the sales manager . Sometimes they also can motivate all the employees in achieving all the targets and goals of the company . Some company they increase the performance of the sales department by 30% to motivate the sales assistant . Maintaining a good work environment in the department this may help the sales assistant to work better and they will want to come to work everyday . To survive in today’s competitive climate , organizations must provide good service . Employees who have direct contact with the customer , client , or patient play a key role in the area of service. Effective frontline employees are able to express a warm , sincere greeting , display a caring attitude and provide competent service . The first impressions is very important for the customers must be aware of your appearance and display good communication skills, both verbal and nonverbal and also establish the value you provide . On the 29th of October we went to Queensbay Mall to survey around. We went to Forever 21 boutique first and once we walk in to their shop, 15-20 sales assistants can be seen. Forever 21 butik they sell ladies fashion wear and their price is above average . Example like a dress is around rm 150-200 . To continue my research, we requested to find the size that are not displayed. Immediately, they walked away without even greeting and were obviously reluctant to serve us, this strongly make us feel negative .The other sales assistants that are standing around the store acted like they did not see us and we were shocked about their rude attitude and service. As a customer, these kinds of attitudes cannot be tolerated and they should train their sales assistants to at least be friendly and willing to help. Apparently their sales assistants did many things that make us feel negative . At the same day , the second store that we went to is Body Glove. They selling male and female wear and it’s beach wear and also casual wear , the price of their clothes is average . Example like a t-shirt is around RM 40-50 .We were shocked but in a good way this time because the workers there are very friendly and helpful. When we could not find the size that we need, they smiled really cheerfully and got the sizes that we want in just a few minutes. As a customer, we felt very comfortable and bought a few apparels from Body Glove. These are the attitudes that they should practice and I will definitely visit Body Glove again. This shows that the sales assistant makes us feel positive about them . Greetings| All the sales assistant walking around the shop but there is one sale assistant stand at the entrance of the shop to say ‘Welcome’(Positive )| Once we walk into the shop they say out loudly ‘Welcome’ (Positive )| Attitude| The sales assistant are reluctant to answer enquiries, rude towards customers . (Negative )| The sales assistant is cheerful, helpful and willing to learn . (Positive)| Facial expression| All the frontline people smile to us but some sales assistant they act like they don’t see us.(Negative) | All the front line people include the supervisor in the shop smiling at us once we step into the shop .(Positive)| Communication skills| As we visit their shop , they dint tell us more about their promotions .(Negative)| Once we go in to the shop they will depends on what we see and promote us about their promotions . (Positive)| Presentation technique| They don’t even promote their promotions.(Negative)| They tell us clearly about their promotions and tell us which one is more worth it to buy . (Positive)| As showing by the table above we can clearly see that the difference between Forever 21 and Body Glove shop frontline people . The positive and negative experience are clearly shown in the table . Through this experience we can see that we get good service from Body Glove shop than Forever 21 . -Write abt the positive and negative behaviour Reference link : http://www.bestresumewriting.com/sales-assistant-resume-example.html

Langston Hughes: Harlem a Dream Deferred Essay

A dream cast aside can rankle a person’s will in the deepest of ways. It tends to permeate their every thought and becomes an unshakable burden. In the poem â€Å"Harlem (A Dream Deferred)† by Langston Hughes, the language used describes how a suspended goal can frustratingly linger. The writer first poses a question: â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred?† He then compares a postponed dream to a dried up raisin or a festering sore, giving a reader the idea of how treacherous it can be to put off one’s goals. What only can make it worse is when we have little control over our fate; when the determination of whether or not our goals are achievable is decided by someone else as was done with the African American population in the United States throughout the early 20th century.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Life for the black population of America throughout the early 1900s was less than ideal. While they’d been free from slavery for nearly 100 years, they remained i n segregated schools and were restricted to menial work nonetheless. Between 1920 and 1930, a movement was followed by African Americans across the United States known as the Harlem Renaissance (see Great Days In Harlem). The movement aimed to establish an identity for blacks in America and gave many hope that they might be seen equal to their white counterparts. The movement lost momentum, but its ideals remained in the hearts of the people; their dreams of equality left behind to fester in the backs of their minds. So what happens when a dream such as this is deferred? If it is a true dream, reflecting our hearts desire, it cannot be forgotten easily. Hughes, an African American in the Harlem Renaissance era, writes a poem full of bitter possibilities reflecting his frustration.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Evidently, Hughes felt frustrated when he wrote this poem in 1951. It was 30 years after the start of the renaissance movement, and it seemed to him that the black identity had made no steps toward equality. At this point in time, the African Americans were feeling neglected; their goals cast aside and their lives seeming more like a nightmare than a dream. But what happens to a dream deferred? Hughes offers many responses to this question, all equally unpleasant. In using similes, the writer creates imagery allowing a reader to imagine a festering sore or a piece of rotten meat and understand how toxic a postponed dream can be for a person.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Equally unpleasant is allowing oneself to â€Å"sugar over†, to simply nod ones head and accept the crushing of ones dreams as reality. To be sweet to those who’ve taken away every ounce of one’s dignity can be just as irksome. Then the idea that was once a dream will linger evermore, weighing a person down, sagging like a heavy load. In the final statement of the poem, the writer leaves it as a separate sort of thought, â€Å"Or does it explode?† This final question seems more like a warning, an indication of the author being at wit’s end. A dream deferred can linger so long that a person can no longer bear the load and they may retaliate. In this instance, the writer as well as his fellow African Americans were beyond frustrated with the exhaustion of carrying the load of their unfulfilled dreams. Harlem’s ideals had been forgotten.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨From the language used to the thoughtful structure, â€Å"Harlem (A Dream Deferred)† speaks to a reader. The writer creates strong imagery that can be connected to the situation he’s describing. A dream deferred really takes its toll on a person, or as proved by the context surrounding the poem, a group of people. To have ones goals setback is hard enough, but having them dismissed by another simply makes it linger and inflame. We’re brought back to the question of what happens to a dream deferred? As suggested it can rot like meat and dry up like a raisin but eventually we crack under the pressure. There’s only so much a person can take; in the end our deferred dreams will cause us to explode.

Preserving Knowledge for Future Generation Essay

Preserving Knowledge for Future Generation - Essay Example Preserving Knowledge for Future Generation One of the major treasures that have been destroyed in the process of these disasters is intellectual property and information. Information impacts knowledge to the society and carries a lot of power especially given its capability to influence generations as well as providing continuity in a society. In an attempt to secure knowledge, the current generation has widely advanced and used technology to ensure that information of whichever form is preserved and retrieved when required. Electronic sources are now being used to store whatever knowledge is available. However, the information already lost remains irretrievable thereby creating an inconsistency of knowledge over generations. Quite a big chunk of the historic knowledge has been lost through disasters making us deficient of it and unable to decipher what it was all about. Library destruction has been an issue that has denied the current society of the need to link modernity with some historic knowledge. These destructions have been under the influence of human intents based on certain motivations or just by accident. Human-made activities make the bulk of the destroyed books and other knowledge carrying materials. There are key incidences in history that have led to massive destruction of knowledge. Firstly, the destruction of the Library of Alexandria in the ancient Egypt is one of the landmark knowledge losses in the early history. It is reported that the library contained a collection of many works to the extent of attracting the earlier scholars who are said to have converted the library to be their study base. Many papyrus scrolls and books not only had massive information about the early culture but also knowledge based on religion, philosophy, and economics among other areas. Being one of the early centers of civilization and the proximity with Rome and Greece provided a perfect location knowledge sharing and acquisition. It is not clear whether the library was destroyed by fire or several destruc tive events but it was completely ruined with all the knowledge it carried. Closely related to it was the Library of the Serapeum that became the alternative of the early scholars after the one in Alexandria was destroyed. This library was too destroyed by burning and looting of the resources thereof. Some reports have indicated that the destruction of the library was catalyzed by the order given by Theodosius I, making the library to be burnt to ashes. This led to destruction of the books and scrolls that had remained from the destruction of the Library of Alexandria. The cultural knowledge was the main victim of the two incidences in early Egypt. Another ancient incidence that caused destruction of a wealth of resourceful information is the destruction of Nalanda in India around 1193 AD. Nalanda was one the revered religious learning centers in India; highly regarded for the position that it had given Buddhism. It had wealth of knowledge contained in books that attracted people fr om as far as China, Persia, Greece and Tibet. The great library was destroyed in a war by Muslim army from Turkey, they set fire on it and is reported to have destroyed all the documents and books contained therein. The library was so big that it burnt for almost three months. Apart from the loss of the knowledge that was present in the library resources, the culture as well as Buddhism was adversely affected. In addition, religious affiliated